Héctor Abad-Gómez (1921-1987): médico,educador y defensor de los derechos humanos

Héctor Abad-Gómez, Colombian physician, university professor, journalist and human rights defender, was murdered in Medellín in 1987. He was a pioneer public health activist engaged in various fields. While being student his restless and dissatisfied mind, led him to fight for a better and safer water and food. He specialized in the University of Minnesota (USA), at his return to the country he led the establishment of the Rural Medical Service. Forced to exile for several years he was WHO consultant to several countries in the Americas and Asia. In 1956 he founded the Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department of the University of Antioquia. He carried out the first recorded mass community vaccination against polio in the world. He initiated a community health agents program known as “Rural health promoters” that later would be implemented nationally. In 1962 he first proposed the application of epidemiological methods to study violence; he was visiting professor at the University of California; he coined the term “polyiatry” for a specialty dedicated to the health populations; he was director of the Colombian National School of Public Health that currently bears his name. Héctor Abad-Gómez ventured into political life, in accordance with Virchow dictum that “politics is medicine on a large scale”. The lives of both have interesting similarities except for the tragic and premature death of the former that still receives rejection today in social, political and academic levels, both in Colombia and abroad.     

以医学史为切入点的医学人文教育用于胃肠外科床旁教学研究

目的 调查将胃肠外科发展史内容引入床旁教学前后，医学生对胃肠外科发展史的认知情况。方法　2020年9月至2021年2月对在复旦大学附属中山医院普通外科参加床旁教学的复旦大学上海医学院临床医学专业学生进行问卷调查。其中，2020年11月前的床旁教学中未专门安排胃肠外科发展史教学内容（对照组），2020年12月后的床旁教学中专门安排了胃肠外科发展史教学内容（研究组）。结果 共回收有效问卷73份，其中对照组40份（54.8%），研究组33份（45.2%）。胃肠外科发展史知识测试平均得分为（39.0±18.0）分，其中对照组（35.3±18.1）分，研究组（43.6±17.1）分，两组间存在显著统计学差异（P=0.047）。78.1%（57/73）的医学生认为“学习胃肠外科发展史有助于更好的了解胃肠外科的理论体系”。86.3%（63/73）的医学生认为“外科学的发展必然具有时代局限性”。84.9%（62/73）的医学生认为“每位大师创立或改进术式的初衷”是为了“更好的救治病人”。对于“推动外科学发展的最重要因素”，37.0%（27/73）的医学生认为是“临床病人的需求”，32.9%（24/73）认为是“科学理论的发展”。结论 将胃肠外科发展史教学融合进医学生的床旁教学，有助于医学生掌握胃肠外科的理论知识，理性把握医学发展的科学规律，是加强和改进医学人文教育的有益尝试。     

Dual-Track Education for Nurse Practitioners: Current and Future Directions

Dual-track programs are increasing in number to meet needs of students who wish to earn nurse practitioner (NP) certification with more than 1 population focus. This article describes dual-preparation programs, reports how 1 program is structured and implemented, and examines challenges of such programs. NP programs should create opportunities for NP students to be seamlessly prepared for more than 1 role through dual-track NP programs.     

Literature Review of the Association Between Prenatal Education and Rates of Cesarean Birth Among Women at Low Risk

A review of the literature was performed to explore the association between prenatal education and rates of primary cesarean birth for women at low risk for cesarean birth. Most women who are nulliparous with a singleton fetus of term gestational age and in the vertex position are considered to be at low risk and favorable for a vaginal birth, yet the cesarean birth rate for women at low risk was 25.6% in 2019. It has been suggested that the rise in the cesarean birth rate among low-risk women may not be due to medical indications but, rather, to nonmedical factors, such as a provider’s or woman’s preference or lack of prenatal education. Evidence from this literature review supports the premise that prenatal education classes should be routinely incorporated into maternity care in an effort to reduce cesarean birth rates for the low-risk population.     

标准引领下医学人才培养过程规范建构与实践

近年来,我国职业教育办学规模已实现跨越式发展。进一步加强内涵建设,提升育人质量将成为职业教育可持续发展的基本路径。标准建设是检验学校人才培养质量的重要依据。文章通过构建标准建设基本路径,基于健康产业发展需求,分析医学人才过程中的重要环节,完善专业人才培养方案,优化课程体系,制定包括课程、课堂教学、实践教学、临床教学等各环节在内的一系列教学相关标准,梳理教学管理制度,成立专门的质量管理组织,通过质量管理部门、校系二级督导、学生、教师等多途径收集质量信息,依据标准开展教学诊断与分析,加强信息反馈及改进监督,形成了标准建设-组织保证-诊断分析-反馈改进的保证体系,可持续提升育人质量。     

形成性评价法在新入职护士规范化培训中的应用研究

目的探讨形成性评价法在新护士规范化培训中应用效果。方法将2016年42名新入职护士作为对照组,将2017年38名新入职护士作为试验组,对照组实施终结性评价法,试验组实施形成性评价和终结性评价相结合的方法,比较两组护士四次出科理论和操作考核成绩和新护士岗位胜任力。结果试验组护士的出科理论、操作考核成绩及岗位胜任力指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论通过对新护士规范化培训全程的观察、记录、反馈,帮助他们端正职业态度、明确职业职责、提高职业技能等岗位胜任力,促进了新入职护士规范化培训目标的完成。     

课程思政融入《口腔生物学》课堂教学的探索

立德树人作为我国高等学校的育人的方向,是高校的立身之本。育人先育德,教师理应把立德树人作为一种教育理念贯穿于课堂教学中,做到育人育才有机结合,在专业课授课过程中注重对思想政治教育元素的提炼和融入,加强对学生的思想政治教育,注重对学生世界观、人生观和价值观的正确引导和塑造,为我国社会主义建设培养合格的建设者和接班人。文章以《口腔生物学》课堂教学为例,探讨了课程思政教育背景下新型课堂教学的设计思路与理念,课堂教学中思政元素的提炼和融入的措施和方法。通过将思政教育元素有机融入课堂教学各环节,既提升了课堂教学的效果,又圆满实现了育人目标。     

我国高等医学院校医学人才培养体制现状调查与分析

目的  为了遵循医学人才培养规律，规范医学人才培养体制，提高医学人才培养质量，探索符合我国实际需求的医学人才培养模式。方法  采用问卷调查法对全国140所高等医学院校进行调查，并对相关调查结果进行分析。结果  ①86.96%的高校对统一规范为“5+3”一体化为主体，同时参加住院医师规范化培训，毕业合格者授予医学博士（MD）学位表示赞成。②76.80%的高校对将“5+3”一体化作为培养全科医生主要渠道的医学博士培养体系表示赞成。③90.40%的高校对通过“5+3+X”一贯制培养授予MD+PhD项目，培养复合型高水平临床医学人才表示赞成。④84.80%的高校对医学学位授予与专科医师规范化培训相脱离，后者应纳入职业培训范畴表示赞成。结论  全面推进落实“5+3”为主体的高素质临床医学相关人才培养模式，将培养目标定位为以满足社会需求的高水平全科医生为主体，加快高层次复合型医学人才的培养体系建设。     

感染科住院医师规范化培训的实践与探索

住院医师规范化培训是医学生毕业后教育的重要组成部分,是培养合格的、具有综合素养的青年医师的重要手段。西安交通大学第二附属医院感染科在住院医师规范化培训的实践与探索中,逐步建立了符合专业特点的规培管理体系,包括规培管理梯队、规培实施细则、三阶段评价反馈体系、教学相长双向培训模式、三维评价体系等,旨在以岗位胜任力为导向,从理论知识、临床技能、医学人文素养、科研能力、人际沟通能力,多维度高质量的进行住院医师规范化培训工作。